_________________Info About Doctor Bones
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Professor Don R. Mueller, a.k.a. Dr. Bones

Prof. Don Mueller, better known as "Doctor Bones" is a science professor and a science and health writer/editor. Through his Doctor Bones Science and Health Education Shows he proves to people of all ages that "Science Really is Fun!" and that they can "Be Healthy and have Fun Too!" Trained as a physical scientist, having done his Ph.D. research in chemical physics at Rutgers University and postdoctoral work in laser chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania and the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences in Taipei, Taiwan, he maintains an excellent background in several areas of science and mathematics. Don has the gift of gab when it comes to science and math concepts and principles and enjoys relaying this information to the public in ways that they can understand and appreciate. Through his company (Good Guy & Co. LLC) he has created and developed a number of useful products to help teach math and science.

Don has a diverse background in education, having taught various chemistry, physics and science education courses at a number of colleges and universities, in addition to tutoring math and science students at both the K-12 and college levels. Don has taught at Rutgers University (NJ), The College of New Jersey, Kean University (NJ), Penn State University (Abington, PA), Marymount College (NY), Ramapo College (NJ), Manhattanville College (NY) and Iona College (NY). Don was awarded the William Rieman Prize for Teaching Excellence (1994-95) at Rutgers University. He is currently having fun teaching chemistry at Bergen Community College (NJ).

Don is particularly interested in teaching kids about the importance of science, health and math as integral parts of a well-rounded life and he has developed a couple of interesting characters to help his cause, one being Doctor Bones and the other, Geometry Guy.

As Doctor Bones, he has visited many schools, children's hospitals and other education-friendly venues throughout the United States. Overseas he performed 6 shows at the National Taiwan University Children's Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Thousands of kids, parents and teachers have enjoyed Doctor Bones' Health Awareness Show and his Science Demonstrations Show.

Quack-Busters is the most recent addition to his educational line-up. In this show, Dr. Bones informs the public about health quackery, pseudo-science and science fraud, doing his part to help keep people's hard-earned money out of the hands of would-be health quacks. It's a breath of fresh air when the public can hear from a reputable scientist like Don Mueller who can assure them (with the facts) that they need not waste their money.

In his effort to present reliable science-based health information to the public, it is not uncommon for Doctor Bones to duel with those people (e.g., Dr. Phil, Andrew Weil, Gary Null, Barry Sears, Nicholas Perricone, Deepak Chopra and others) who consistently purport "fuzzy" health information to the public, along with the sale of their best-selling books, pills, potions and lotions. The public needs to know the facts and not just a lot of hype, opinion and speculation. You've heard the phrase, "Show me the money." Well, as a scientist Doctor Bones says, "Show me the data." In this case, the data (if there is any) for the advertised health-related products or services. Don is interested in helping people and not in helping himself to their money unlike many so-called health experts. People can trust Doctor Bones to tell it like it is about science and health!

Don also plays a character called "Geometry Guy" to help get kids interested in learning about important concepts and principles in math. As Geometry Guy, Don has conducted math workshops for kids, their parents and teachers. For example, Geometry Guy taught two 10-week courses (1) Fun with Math and (2) Math applied to Science for school children in the Jersey City (NJ) school district. He continues to add thought-provoking applications of math to the show from the sciences as well as from other walks of life to help show kids that math is a powerful tool with interesting, fun and exciting uses.




"Hey kids, my name is Skelly Skeleton!"



Dr. Don Mueller, is the President of GOOD GUY & Co. LLC a company that is involved with the creation, development and commercialization of Fun products that entertain and educate kids about important concepts and principles in math and science. Some of his educational products include:

* Silly ShapesTM - geometric lollipops
* Geometreats
TM - geometric cookies
* Nutri-Brain
TM - physics cookies
* Elementary
TM
- the periodic table of elements cereal
* Geometroids "The Friendly GeomeToys"
TM - geometric toys
* Geometry KidsTM - geometric toys
* GeomeTray
TM - geometric plates, cups and trays
* Fruit & Veggie BuddiesTM - the name that fruit and veggie game
* Mr. CigaretteTM - Knockout cigarettes from your life!
* Juggling BuddyTM - training aid for jugglers
* Boney Buddies
TM - plastic bones and funny face stickers



The Doctor Bones Show



To connect with kids, Don has developed a couple of interesting characters, one being Doctor Bones and the other, Geometry Guy.

As "Doctor Bones," he has visited many children's hospitals in the U.S. and performed 6 shows at National Taiwan University Children's Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. The Doctor Bones "Health Show" has been enjoyed by kids, their parents and teachers throughout America.






Doctor Bones juggles foods from the Food Guide Pyramid in a Health Show that features useful information about nutrition, exercise and other important items related to good health, such as sleep, food safety, hygiene and laughter (yes, "laughter is the best medicine"). At the request of several school teachers, the Doctor has examined the "Couch Potato Problem" and has come up with a fun exercise program for the garden-variety Couch Potato to do while at school or at home.

In a special health show for high school students, Doctor Bones stresses health-related issues important to high school kids, including the chemistry, both of smoking and
of drug and alcohol abuse.

Doctor Bones is also known to perform science demonstrations in various settings (schools, clubs, bookstores and the like) while adding a touch of excitement to the learning of biology, chemistry and physics. The Doctor Bones "Science Demonstrations Show" has seen action in K-12 schools throughout the U.S.



As "Geometry Guy," Don enjoys sparking a child's curiosity for math in a show that employs colorful math teaching props and geometric toy characters he invented, called the "GeomeTroids." The toys provide a "hands-on" and highly memorable way for the learning of math. In using "GeomeTroids," kids can further develop their "spatial sense" or "intuitive feel" for shapes and space.

While participating in a 10-week "Super Saturday" program for the Jersey City (NJ) Public Schools, Geometry Guy taught two courses, Fun with Math and Math Applied to Science.



The Doctor Bones Health Show for Seniors

Health issues important to seniors are covered in a fun show that also features food juggling. Senior Citizens have a good time with Doctor Bones and they generally ask quite a few health-related questions, which Doctor Bones always enjoys answering, as the Doctor likes to keep abreast of the latest information in health.

Seniors can count on the Doctor to deliver reliable science-based health information in a no-nonsense approach.



Don is also a Science and Health writer and has written numerous articles for various newspapers and business journals. He also writes the Doctor Bones Science Column for Kids, which he features on this website: http://www.drbonesshow.com/page11.html

Feel free to send in your questions!




Here are some exciting Newspaper Articles written about
Doctor Bones and his fun and educational shows!























___Awards and Certificates granted to Doctor Bones



























Extra Stuff
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"Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new."
___A. Einstein

In a completely rational society, the best of us would be teachers and the rest of us would have to settle for something else.
___Lee Iaococca


You're not growing old you are ripening!
___Doctor Bones













Doctor Bones in Action at Borders Books in Princeton, NJ.




















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_Making a Lemon Battery

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Lemon Battery

A battery consists of three essential ingredients: an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. By itself, a battery is an open circuit, so there is no way current can flow. When you connect the terminals, however, you complete the circuit. Chemical reactions then occur within the battery, causing electrons to flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, thus providing a current. The exact nature of these chemical reactions depends on the chemicals involved.

When you connect two 1.5 volt batteries in series (which is actually what you're doing when you insert two batteries side by side but facing in opposite directions), you double the voltage produced.

How does this battery work? The Copper (Cu) penny atoms attract electrons more than do the Zinc-coated nails (Zn) atoms. If you place a piece of copper and a piece of zinc in contact with each other, many electrons will pass from the zinc to the copper. As they concentrate on the copper, the electrons repel each other.
When the force of repulsion between electrons and the force of attraction of
electrons to the copper become equalized, the flow of electrons stops. Unfortunately there is no way to take advantage of this behavior to produce electricity because the flow of charges stops almost immediately. On the other hand, if you bathe the two strips in a conductive solution, and connect them externally with a wire, the reactions between the electrodes and the solution furnish the circuit with charges continually. In this way, the process that produces the electrical energy continues and becomes useful.

The lemon juice because it is acidic acts as an electrically conductive solution. Acidic solutions are rich in hydrogen H+ ions and therefore are good conductors of electricity. Other fruits and vegetables that are acidic in nature would also be useful as conductive solutions. In fact, any electrolyte solution, whether it be an acid, base or salt solution would work well.


Like all batteries, this type of battery has a limited life. The electrodes undergo chemical reactions that block the flow of electricity. The electromotive force diminishes and the battery stops working. Usually, what happens is the production of hydrogen at the copper electrode and the zinc electrode acquires deposits of oxides that act as a barrier between the metal and the electrolyte. This is referred to as the electrodes being polarized. To achieve a longer life and higher voltages and current flows, it is necessary to use electrolytes better suited for the purpose. Commercial batteries, apart from their normal electrolyte, contain chemicals with an affinity for hydrogen which combine with the hydrogen before it can polarize the electrodes.

First, make the lemons very juicy by rolling them back and forth on a table.


Lemon Battery

Learn how a chemical reaction can produce electricity

The simplest batteries consist of two different metals (electrodes) floating in a bath of acid. Atoms from one metal travel through the acid to the other metal, releasing electrons. Eventually, when all the mobile atoms have been transferred, no additional electrons may be released, and the battery is dead.

Batteries come in two categories: dry cell and wet cell. Dry cells (such as flashlight batteries) are the alkaline batteries that use a powder chemical for an electrolyte; wet cells (such as car batteries) use acids as the electrolyte. The students will create a wet cell battery using the juice of a lemon, which is a mild acid, as the electrolyte.

Objectives

To construct a battery and to show how chemical energy is transferred into electrical energy.

The lemon battery is used to charge a capacitor. The charged capacitor is then used to flash a bulb, light an LED or buzz a buzzer.

Procedures

Make two holes on the lemon and insert the nail and the copper coin into the holes. Use a knife to make two small incisions in the middle of each of the lemons

Make sure that
there is a certain distance between them. Connect both ends to a multimeter with wires.

1. Prepare the lemons for use in the battery by placing the lemons one by one on a flat surface and firmly pushing down on them with one hand while rolling them back and forth. This is to break up the insides of the fruit so the juices can flow more easily.
2. Use a knife to make two small incisions in the middle of each of the lemons. The cuts should be about ½ inch long, deep enough to reach the juicy insides of the fruit, and about ½ inch apart.
3. In each lemon insert a penny into one of the slits so only a small part of the coin remains on the outside of the lemon. Do the same with a paperclip in the other slit.
4. Line up all of the lemons so that the inserts alternate in order (i.e. penny, paperclip, penny, paperclip, penny . . . ).
5. Use an alligator clip to connect the penny from the first lemon to the paperclip of the next lemon. Continue connecting the lemons by using alligator clips to bridge from lemon to lemon, connecting pennies to paperclips.
6. The first and last lemons in the row will have a paperclip and a penny that are not wired to the rest of the battery. Connect an alligator clip to each one to create the leads for the battery.
7. Turn the voltmeter to DC mode and test the lemon battery by connecting the lead wires to the voltmeter. If the voltage is very low test each lemon separately using the wires connected to the penny and paperclip in each lemon. Lemons that are not working well can be adjusted by squeezing them to break up more of the tissue inside, moving the penny and the paperclip, or refastening the wires to the penny and the paperclip in slightly different locations. Also, check that the penny and paperclip do not touch each other directly.
8. Once the lemon battery is working well, as confirmed by the voltmeter, it can be used to power the LED. Gently bend the legs of the LED away from each other. Connect the wire that leads from the paperclip to the side of the LED that is flat and has the shorter leg. Connect the wire from the penny to other leg of the LED. Dim the lights in the classroom and the glow from the LED should be visible.



Explanations
As shown in the multimeter, there is a voltage generated by the lemon battery. This current is caused by the difference in electric potential of the iron nail and the copper coin. The difference in electric potential causes a flow of electrons through the lemon, which acts as a conducting pathway. It is the flow of electrons that makes up the current. In our experiment, the iron nail gives off electrons and the copper coin receives electrons.




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Making an Electromagnet


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Electromagnet

Attach the bared ends of the wire to the terminals of the battery. You may need to use a little tape to keep them attached. Either wire can be attached to either terminal ... it doesn't matter.

The nail has now become an electromagnet. You can test it by picking up small metal objects, like paperclips. The magnet should be quite strong.
Electricity flowing in a circuit creates a magnetic field around the wire, just like the field around a magnet. By wrapping the wire tightly around the nail, this magnetic field is concentrated in the space where the nail is, and will magnetize the nail by aligning its atoms in one direction.

A large iron nail (about 3 inches)
About 3 feet of THIN COATED copper wire
A fresh D size battery
Some paper clips

(It is best to tape the wires to the battery - be careful though, the wire could get very hot!) They run on electricity and are only magnetic when the electricity is flowing.


The nail will not attract the paper clips when the battery is not in place. But when the battery is placed in the circuit, current flows through the coil to produce a magnetic field and magnetize the nail.


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Jupiter______Saturn _________Uranus ______Neptune____Pluto



Build Yourself a Solar System





The Big Bang



Although a complete theory ( a theory of everything, TOE) that embraces all four forces has not yet been achieved; many physicists believe that at even higher energies, gravitation will unite with the others into a single 'superforce'. If this hypothesis is correct then, during the first instants of the big bang, the Universe was dominated by the unified superforce. Thereafter, as the Universe expanded and cooled (and particle energies decreased), the forces separated out and acquired their individual identities, gravitation at around 10e-43 seconds after the beginning of time, the strong force at around 10e-35 seconds, and the weak and electromagnetic forces at around 10e-11 seconds.




Weather

Thunder and Lightning Storms

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How lightning strikes















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Escape velocity is the speed that an object needs to be traveling to break free of a planet or moon's gravity well and enter orbit.


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________What is Energy?

Most children have a tough time understanding what energy is.


Kinetic and Potential Energy


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Newton's Laws of Motion


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Is Weight the same thing as Mass?


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Tools that use Torque
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Big bang


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Alternative Sources of Energy


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Simple Machines

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Doctor Bones Show__



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